vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2019-4-134-142vtio-1115Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSПерспективы применения сперматогониальных стволовых клеток при лечении мужской инфертильностиPossible use of spermatogonial stem cells in the treatment of male infertilityСкалецкийН. Н.SkaletskyN. N.

Скалецкий Николай Николаевич

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1Тел.: (499) 190-42-66, (903) 790-95-39 

Skaletskiy Nikolay Nikolaevich

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182Tel.: (499) 190-42-66, (903) 790-95-39 

NSkaletsky@mail.ruСкалецкаяГ. Н.SkaletskayaG. N.

Москва

Moscow

СевастьяновВ. И.SevastianovV. I.

Москва

Moscow

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian Federation201902022020214134142Copyright © Скалецкий Н.Н., Скалецкая Г.Н., Севастьянов В.И., 20202020Скалецкий Н.Н., Скалецкая Г.Н., Севастьянов В.И.Skaletsky N.N., Skaletskaya G.N., Sevastianov V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1115

Сперматогониальные стволовые клетки, которые существуют в семенниках с рождения, являются клетками-предшественниками мужских гамет. Эти клетки не способны продуцировать зрелые сперматозоиды до половой зрелости из-за их зависимости от гормональных стимулов. Эта особенность репродуктивной системы позволяет сохранять фертильность только мужчинам, которые способны производить эякулят. Поэтому при угрозе потери фертильности вследствие применения противоракового лечения стандартным является криоконсервация спермы. Этой возможности лишены неполовозрелые мальчики с онкологическими заболеваниями, которым назначают токсическую для их репродуктивной системы химиотерапию. В настоящем обзоре основное внимание уделяется проблеме получения и сохранения сперматогониальных стволовых клеток для будущей трансплантации с целью восстановления сперматогенеза. Разработка этих методов становится все более актуальной в связи с ростом за последние десятилетия выживаемости детей с онкологическими заболеваниями благодаря улучшению диагностики и эффективности лечения. Восстановление и сохранение фертильности с помощью сперматогониальных стволовых клеток может быть у таких пациентов безальтернативным вариантом.

Spermatogonial stem cells, which are already present at birth in the testicles, are the progenitors of male gametes. These cells cannot produce mature sperm before puberty due to their dependence on hormonal stimuli. This feature of the reproductive system limits preservation of fertility only to males who can produce an ejaculate. Therefore, the use of cancer treatment which can lead to fertility loss has made sperm cryopreservation a standard practice. Prepubertal cancer boys – who are prescribed chemotherapy that is toxic to their reproductive system – are deprived of this fertility management procedure. This review focuses on the problem of obtaining and preserving spermatogonial stem cells for future transplantation to restore spermatogenesis. Development of these methods is becoming increasingly urgent due to higher survival rates in childhood cancer over the past decades thanks to improvements in diagnosis and effective treatment. Restoring and preserving fertility using spermatogonial stem cells may be the only option for such patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.